According to Smith, what factor was crucial to the collapse of the Tsarist government in 1917?

The crucial factor identified by Smith in the collapse of the Tsarist government in 1917 lies in the loss of public support. As the war progressed, mounting dissatisfaction from various segments of society, including workers, peasants, and soldiers, significantly eroded confidence in the Tsarist regime. Multiple issues contributed to this loss of support, including the severe hardships experienced during World War I, rampant inflation, and food shortages.

Public discontent spilled over into widespread protests and strikes, ultimately leading to the February Revolution of 1917. The inability of the Tsar to respond effectively to these grievances only further alienated the public. This decline in popular support became a pivotal aspect that destabilized the regime, making it difficult for the Tsarist government to maintain control and contribute to its eventual downfall.