What did historian Peter McPhee estimate peasants paid in total of their wealth to the monarchy and nobility?

Historian Peter McPhee estimated that peasants paid between 25-33% of their total wealth to the monarchy and nobility. This figure is significant because it highlights the heavy burden that agricultural laborers faced under feudal systems and the financial pressures exerted by the ruling classes. The percentage reflects not only direct taxes but also various dues, rents, and other obligations that were often imposed on peasants. Understanding this figure is crucial for comprehending the socio-economic dynamics of the time, as it illustrates the limited wealth accumulation opportunities for peasants and sets the stage for growing discontent, which often contributed to revolutionary sentiments. This context is essential for analyzing the motivations behind social upheaval and the calls for reform during revolutionary periods.