What ideology did Tsar Nicholas II strongly believe in?

Tsar Nicholas II was a staunch advocate of autocracy, possessing a deep belief in the absolute power of the monarchy. Autocracy is a system of government in which one person possesses unlimited power, and Nicholas II embodied this principle through his unwavering commitment to the divine right of kings. He viewed himself as God's appointed ruler, which influenced his governance style and resistance to reforms that could limit his authority.

His reign saw a rejection of various political movements that sought to promote democracy or liberalism, as he favored maintaining traditional monarchical control over the state. The social and political unrest in Russia during his rule, including the 1905 Revolution and the eventual 1917 revolution, stemmed in part from his refusal to acknowledge the need for a constitutional government, a core tenet of both liberalism and democracy. This dedication to autocracy ultimately played a critical role in shaping the political landscape of pre-revolutionary Russia and led to significant ramifications for the Russian monarchy.