What was Lenin's primary demand in his April Theses upon returning to Russia?

Lenin's primary demand in his April Theses was for an immediate socialist revolution. Upon his return to Russia in April 1917, Lenin articulated a clear vision that called for the overthrow of the Provisional Government and the establishment of a socialist state. This was a radical departure from the positions held by many other political groups at the time, which often focused on reform or coalition with other parties rather than an outright revolution.

Lenin's Theses emphasized the need for workers and peasants to seize power and implement policies that would benefit the proletariat and countryside, such as peace, land redistribution, and workers' control of factories. This demand energized Bolshevik supporters and highlighted his belief that only through a direct and immediate uprising could the interests of the working class be secured.

In contrast, the other options represent more moderate stances that were prevalent among competing political factions, which did not align with Lenin’s revolutionary vision. These included the continuation of the war effort and support for the Provisional Government, both of which were opposed to Lenin's strategy of immediate, radical change.