What was the primary outcome of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk for Russia?

The primary outcome of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk for Russia was the substantial loss of territory to Germany. Signed in March 1918, the treaty marked Russia's exit from World War I, resulting in significant territorial concessions. As part of the agreement, Russia ceded areas such as Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States, and parts of Poland to the Central Powers, leading to a considerable reduction in Russian land and resources. This shift had profound implications for Russia's economy and future political landscape, contributing to turmoil and unrest in the post-war period.

In contrast, the options related to agricultural production and the establishment of peace without loss do not reflect the harsh realities of the treaty's consequences. Instead, the agreement was characterized by the loss of substantial territories, highlighting the precarious situation Russia faced after its exit from the war.