What was the primary outcome of the July Days according to Richard Pipes?

The primary outcome of the July Days, as interpreted by historian Richard Pipes, was indeed a failed coup d'état. This event, which occurred in Russia in July 1917, was characterized by widespread protests and an insurrection led largely by the Bolsheviks and other groups dissatisfied with the Provisional Government. While the unrest aimed to challenge the authority of the Provisional Government and seize power, it ultimately did not achieve its goals. The government reacted strongly, which led to a swift suppression of the uprisings and the arrest of many Bolshevik leaders, including Lenin.

The significance of the July Days lies in its failure and the impact it had on the political landscape. Following the events, the Bolsheviks experienced a temporary decline in influence, which reinforced the perception that they were not yet prepared to lead a successful revolution. The failed coup underscored the ongoing instability in Russia and set the stage for the eventual success of the October Revolution later that year, when the Bolsheviks would ultimately triumph in seizing power.