What was the "Wager on the Strong" policy associated with Pyotr Stolypin intended to do?

The "Wager on the Strong" policy, implemented by Pyotr Stolypin, aimed to foster a prosperous class of wealthy peasants, commonly referred to as kulaks. This policy was part of Stolypin's broader agricultural reforms in Russia during the early 20th century. It sought to incentivize peasant productivity and agricultural efficiency by consolidating landholdings and promoting private property.

By encouraging capable and motivated peasants to take advantage of these opportunities, the policy aimed to create a more stable agricultural sector and reduce the social unrest that had been a persistent issue in Russian society. The belief was that successful, wealthier peasants would contribute to the economic growth of the rural economy and help secure loyalty to the Tsarist regime, thereby countering revolutionary sentiments.

The other options—eliminating all peasants, establishing a new aristocracy, or reinforcing the power of the Tsar—do not accurately reflect the intent behind Stolypin's reforms. Rather than seeking the eradication or complete replacement of the peasant class, Stolypin's approach was focused on transformation and strengthening of the existing societal structure by empowering small landowners.