Which economic policy led to the nationalization of industries in Russia?

The nationalization of industries in Russia was primarily driven by War Communism, which was implemented during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921. This policy aimed to consolidate state control over the economy in response to severe wartime conditions and the need to support the Red Army. Under War Communism, the Bolsheviks requisitioned agricultural products from peasants, abolished private trade, and nationalized major industries such as banking and transportation. This approach was designed to centralize power and ensure that resources were directed towards the war effort and the establishment of a communist society.

The New Economic Policy, on the other hand, was introduced in 1921 as a response to the economic difficulties resulting from War Communism, moving away from state control toward a mixed economy that allowed some private enterprise. Capitalist Reforms would typically denote an opening up of the economy to free-market principles, which is contrary to the goals of nationalization. Collectivization, implemented later in the late 1920s and early 1930s, primarily targeted agriculture and aimed to consolidate individual landholdings into collective farms, rather than focusing on the nationalization of industrial sectors. These distinctions clarify why War Communism is the correct answer regarding the nationalization