Which movement is closely linked with the establishment of radical political factions in France?

The Enlightenment is closely linked with the establishment of radical political factions in France due to its emphasis on reason, individualism, and a questioning of traditional authority. Thinkers during this period, such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, challenged existing governance and societal norms, advocating for liberty, equality, and fraternity. Their ideas laid the intellectual groundwork for the French Revolution, inspiring various groups to pursue more radical political reforms and the establishment of new forms of governance based on democratic principles.

The Enlightenment's focus on rational thought and empirical evidence encouraged people to consider alternative systems beyond the monarchy and feudal traditions. This shift in thinking fostered the rise of political factions like the Jacobins, who pushed for more extreme measures during the Revolution.

Other movements like Romanticism, although influential in various contexts, were more focused on emotion and individual creativity rather than structured political ideologies. The Industrial Revolution primarily impacted economic and social structures but did not explicitly focus on the radical political changes that emerged in France. The Renaissance, while it fostered significant cultural developments and a rebirth of classical thought, was not directly aligned with the revolutionary political climate that defined late 18th-century France. Thus, the Enlightenment stands out as the clear catalyst